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작성자	김귀순

제목	UN Women

Women
Overview
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UN support for the rights of women began with the Organization's founding Charter.  Among the purposes of the UN declared in Article 1 of its Charter is “To achieve international co-operation … in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.”

"UN Women" merges four UN agencies and offices into one

On 2 July 2010, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously voted to create a single UN body tasked with accelerating progress in achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment.

The new UN Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women – or UN Women – merged four of the world body’s agencies and offices: the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), the Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW), the Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues, and the UN International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (UN-INSTRAW).

On 14 September 2010, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced the appointment of Michelle Bachelet, former President of Chile, as Under-Secretary-General for UN Women.

UN Women became operational on 1 January 2011.
Within the UN’s first year, the Economic and Social Council established its Commission on the Status of Women, as the principal global policy-making body dedicated exclusively to gender equality and advancement of women.  Among its earliest accomplishments was ensuring gender neutral language in the draft Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The landmark Declaration, adopted by the General Assembly on 10 December 1948, reaffirms that “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights” and that “everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, … birth or other status.”

As the international feminist movement began to gain momentum during the 1970s, the General Assembly declared 1975 as the International Women’s Year and organized the first World Conference on Women, held in Mexico City.  At the urging of the Conference, it subsequently declared the years 1976-1985 as the UN Decade for Women, and established a Voluntary Fund for Decade.

Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health mobilizes resources to save the lives of more than 16 million women and childrenIn the lead-up to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Summit in September 2010, the Secretary-General launched a global effort convening 40 key leaders to define a collective strategy for accelerating progress on women's and children's health .
In 1979, the General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), which is often described as an International Bill of Rights for Women.  In its 30 articles, the Convention explicitly defines discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination. The Convention targets culture and tradition as influential forces shaping gender roles and family relations, and it is the first human rights treaty to affirm the reproductive rights of women.

Five years after the Mexico City conference, a Second World Conference on Women was held in Copenhagen in 1980.  The resulting Programme of Action called for stronger national measures to ensure women's ownership and control of property, as well as improvements in women's rights with respect to inheritance, child custody and loss of nationality.

In 1985, the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace, was held convened in Nairobi.  It was convened at a time when the movement for gender equality had finally gained true global recognition, and 15,000 representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) participated in a parallel NGO Forum.  The event, which many described as “the birth of global feminism”.  Realizing that the goals of the Mexico City Conference had not been adequately met, the 157 participating governments adopted the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies to the Year 2000. It broke ground in declaring all issues to be women’s issues.

An early result of the Nairobi Conference was the transformation of the Voluntary Fund for the UN Decade for Women into the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM, now part of UN Women).

The Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, went a step farther than the Nairobi Conference.  The Beijing Platform for Action asserted women’s rights as human rights and committed to specific actions to ensure respect for those rights.  According to the UN Division for Women in its review of the four World Conferences:

"The fundamental transformation that took place in Beijing was the recognition of the need to shift the focus from women to the concept of gender, recognizing that the entire structure of society, and all relations between men and women within it, had to be re-evaluated. Only by such a fundamental restructuring of society and its institutions could women be fully empowered to take their rightful place as equal partners with men in all aspects of life. This change represented a strong reaffirmation that women's rights were human rights and that gender equality was an issue of universal concern, benefiting all."In the aftermath of the Millennium Declaration of the September 2000 Millennium Summit, gender issues were integrated in many of the subsequent Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) — and explicitly in Goal No. 3 (“Promote gender equality and empower women”) and Goal No. 5 (“Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio”).  The UN system is mobilized to meet these goals.

Women, Peace and Security
In October 2000, the Security Council unanimously adopted a groundbreaking resolution on women, peace and security.  Resolution 1325 urged Member States to increase women’s representation at all decision-making levels for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflict.  It urged the Secretary-General to appoint more women as his special representatives and envoys, and to expand women’s role and contribution in UN field-based operations.

The Council called on all actors involved in negotiating and implementing peace agreements to adopt a gender perspective. It also called on all parties to armed conflict to take special measures to protect women and girls from gender-based violence and all other forms of violence that occur in situations of armed conflict. These recommendations were further developed in Resolution 1820 (2008) and Resolutions 1888 and 1889 (2009). In October 2010 the UN Security Council marked the 10th anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1325.

In February 2010, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced the appointment of Margot Wallström of Sweden as his Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict. Ms. Wallström has urged seeking accountability for mass rapes committed in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, telling the UN Security Council it should 'turn the tide against impunity.'

Interview

Margot Wallström, Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has made it clear that he wants to tackle a scourge that has become endemic in many parts of the world. Ms. Wallström, a Swedish politician with a long history of advocating for women's rights told UN Radio's Diane Bailey that she wants to develop a coherent policy to end impunity and empower women.
Listen

Eliminating Violence Against Women
The UN system continues to give particular attention to the issue of violence against women.  The 1993 General Assembly Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women contained “a clear and comprehensive definition of violence against women [and] a clear statement of the rights to be applied to ensure the elimination of violence against women in all its forms”.  It represented “a commitment by States in respect of their responsibilities, and a commitment by the international community at large to the elimination of violence against women”.

In 2007, the theme of the International Women’s Day was “Ending Impunity for Violence against Women and Girls”. And on 25 February 2008, Mr. Ban Ki-moon launched “The Secretary-General’s Global Campaign UNiTE to End Violence Against Women”.  In opening the multi-year global campaign, he called violence against women an issue that “cannot wait”.

International Women’s Day is observed on 8 March.  The theme of the 2009 observance was “Women and men united to end violence against women and girls”.  The International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women is observed on 25 November.

번호	제목	작성자	작성일	조회

51	서식12(부산국제영화제2)	김귀순	2003/09/17	1365

50	서식11(부산국제영화제1)	김귀순	2003/09/17	1425

49	서식10	김귀순	2003/09/17	1297

48	서식1	김귀순	2003/09/17	1090

47	사삭9	김귀순	2003/09/17	1231

46	번역자료	김귀순	2011/09/08	1048

45	미쇠고기수입위생조건(수정)	김귀순	2008/09/17	899

44	면접서 절대 해서는 안되는 4가지	김귀순	2013/03/24	619

43	기업이 원하는 인재	김귀순	2012/02/28	596

42	글로벌 인재는 이런 사람	김귀순	2013/06/14	576

	국제기구진출 가이드북	김귀순	2014/04/03	590

40	WTO (Parliamentary Conference on the WTO21-22 March 2011 )	김귀순	2011/03/23	5930

39	Winning Personal Statement(자기 소개서 작성법과 사례)	김귀순	2003/09/24	1673

38	Understanding the WTO (What is the DDA(Doha Development Agenda))	김귀순	2011/03/23	8138

	UN 헌장(일부)	김귀순	2014/04/09	589

	UN Women	김귀순	2011/03/23	1654

35	UN Millenium Development Goals	김귀순	2011/03/23	4395

34	UN Climate Change	김귀순	2011/03/23	1605

33	U.S Delgation Visit to NK	김귀순	2004/01/04	1321

	The Hague Nuclear Security Summit Communique	김귀순	2014/03/27	578


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